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Visualizzazione post con etichetta CIA. Mostra tutti i post

2024/05/25

Intervista all'ex capo delle operazioni antiterrorismo della CIA in Pakistan John Kiriakou

di Leonardo Salvaggio

Ho invitato sul mio canale YouTube l'ex capo delle operazioni antiterrorismo della CIA in Pakistan John Kiriakou per un'intervista nella quale parliamo delle responsabilità saudite negli attentati, della cattura e dell'interrogatorio del terrorista di al-Qaeda Abu Zubaydah e della storia personale di John che è stato condannato a trenta mesi di reclusione per aver rivelato alla stampa informazioni riservate sul trattamento della CIA dei detenuti.

L'intervista è disponibile solo in inglese.


2024/01/20

Intervista a Morten Storm, agente sotto copertura della CIA infiltrato in al-Qaeda

di Leonardo Salvaggio

Ho intervistato per il mio canale YouTube l'ex agente sotto copertura della CIA Morten Storm, che si è infiltrato in al-Qaeda con l'incarico di rintracciare l'alto leader di al-Qaeda Anwar al-Awlaki.

L'intervista è disponibile solo in inglese.



2023/10/07

Intervista all'ex analista della CIA Cindy Storer

di Leonardo Salvaggio

È disponibile sul mio canale YouTube un'intervista con l'ex analista della CIA Cindy Storer sulla caccia ad Osama bin Laden, dai primi anni 90 fino alla missione di Abbottabad.

L'intervista è solo in inglese.

2021/09/15

An interview with former FBI special agent Ken Williams, author of the Phoenix Memo

by Leonardo Salvaggio. An Italian translation is available here.

Two months before the attacks of 9/11, FBI special agent Ken Williams sent the bureau's headquarters a memo, today known as the Phoenix Memo, to inform them of the potential presence in Arizona of terrorists attending civil aviation schools. To discuss his memo and other intelligence failures that led to 9/11, Ken Williams accepted our proposal for an interview which we are today offering our readers.

We would like to thanks Ken Williams for his time and kindness.





Undicisettembre: You are the author of the very famous Phoenix Memo; would you like to tell us something about it?

Ken Williams:
Back in 1999 I was working a source of information, a human informant who now is deceased, he was a former terrorist with an organization of prominence, I can’t tell you what organization he was in but he was a former terrorist. I recruited him to work for US intelligence and he reported to me that there were two individuals residing in Prescott, Arizona, organizing a chapter of an organization called al-Muhajiroun, which in English translates into “The Immigrant”. Al-Muhajiroun was formed in 1983 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia and it was a pretty radical Sunni Islamic group, they were recruiting mujahideen to go fight the Soviets in Afghanistan.

Al-Mujahiroun caused problems for the Saudi government in the mid-80s and were ultimately outlawed and banned in 1986. They left Saudi Arabia and set up their headquarters in London. Once the Soviets were expelled from Afghanistan and Osama bin Laden emerged as a prominent figure, Al-Mujahiroun called themselves “the eyes, the ears and the mouthpiece of Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda”.

These guys in Prescott were attending Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, which is a very prestigious civil aviation university, their main campuses are located in Daytona Beach, Florida, and they have a satellite campus in Prescott. Prescott is a small town a hundred and fifty miles north of Phoenix, it was the first territorial capital of Arizona, a cowboy town, a place where Wyatt Earp and Doc Holiday lived back in the 1800s; and if this type of stuff can appear in Prescott, Arizona, they can appear anywhere, in any small town, anywhere in the world.

These guys would travel several times a week to Phoenix to recruit young men into al-Qaeda, they would also travel to Tempe, Arizona, which is home to Arizona State University, one of the largest universities in the United States, which is attended by many Middle Eastern students from the Gulf area. So, these guys were doing their homework, they were recruiting people at the university and mosques in Phoenix and Tempe. One of these guys was a Lebanese national in the United States on a student VISA by the name of Zakaria Mustapha Soubra, he was studying aviation security at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; the second man was named Ghassan al-Sharbi who was a Saudi student, also on a student VISA, who was studying electrical engineering.

These individuals were the real deal according to the informant and when we started looking at these guys, we saw they were propagating materials in the mosques that were supportive of Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda. This was my first case with these type of people with this radical ideology in the USA. Based on that and other activities we observed here in Arizona I came to the conclusion “I think al-Qaeda is trying to do something with airplanes or civil aviation here in the United States.”

In November 1999 we had a separate incident on an American West Airlines flight, there were two Saudis, PhD students one by the name of Mohammed al-Qudhaeein and the other by the name of Hamdan al-Shalawi, who started asking flight attendants and crew strange questions about the capability of the aircraft, questions like “How much fuel does the plane carry? How many people are on the flight?” In one occasion one of the individuals got up and started walking towards the cockpit of the airplane and tried the handle of the door, when challenged by flight attendants he said he made a mistake and thought that was the entryway into the bathroom. It made the crew so anxious and concerned that they phoned into the cockpit and told the pilot what was going on, the pilot landed in Columbus, Ohio. The plane was originally going from Phoenix, Arizona, to Washington DC; while in Columbus they contacted the FBI and the local police department and they removed these individuals from the aircraft and questioned them. They immediately went on the offensive claiming it was racial profiling. They didn’t show up in any intelligence databases, they had no criminal history and therefore they couldn’t be detained any further; they were put back on the airplane and continued to Washington where they were met by members of the Saudi embassy and the Council of American Islamic Affairs and held a press conference on the steps of the US Capitol alleging racial profiling and discriminatory actions on behalf of the airline and law enforcement.

I saw that incident; I saw those guys that were attending Embry-Riddle University and there were other investigations that I’m not in liberty to speak about because they are still classified and have not been talked about in the 9/11 Commission Report. I also saw other individuals who had the same radical ideology that were studying civil aviation related materials. I decided on July 10th 2001 to author a communication and point out my observation, my concerns and my suspicions and asked my headquarters to address it with the broader intelligence community, not only in the United States; when I asked them to discuss it with the CIA, I was assuming it would have been discussed with our friendly allies too. I just wanted to see if any intelligence information was being collected that supported my theory that al-Qaeda might be sending people to the United States to study aviation related materials.

This is a kind of a “Reader’s digest” version of the whole thing.

There’s some reasons why I took so long since 1999 when I opened up the case on these two guys in Prescott and the individuals on the American West flight and the time frame when I sent the communication in. For a period of time, I was taken off the case and placed on an arson investigation. At the time we had an individual by the name of Mark Warren Sands who was lighting fires on houses under construction in the Mountains Preserve property in the Phoenix metropolitan area; the Phoenix Police Department came to the FBI to ask for investigative resources to assist them in trying to find the perpetrators of this arsons, which we ultimately did: he was successfully arrested, prosecuted and he spent over twenty years in prison. But that took my eyes off the al-Qaeda guys for a year’s period of time; I got back on the investigation on Mr. Soubra and Mr. al-Sharbi in May or June of 2001 and when I went back to refresh my files, I came up with the idea of this communication that is now known as the Phoenix Memo.

Mark Sands really took the eyes of the FBI off these al-Qaeda operatives in our area of responsibility.

The Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University campus in Prescott


Undicisettembre: Did investigators after 9/11 interview you about your memo? The Commission, the FBI, anyone else?

Ken Williams: I did not hear anything from FBI headquarters. I sent it on July 10 2001, the attacks took place on September 11th 2001 and in the bureaucratic world of government that is not really a long period of time. The FBI has three classification of communications: “routine” which is communication for consideration and you take action when you can do so, “priority” which is a bit higher than routine and means “hey, I have something here, possibly some threat information”, and then “immediate” that means “there’s a ticking time bomb, something is ready to go, we have to drop everything that we are doing and get on this right away”. I sent the Phoenix Memo as “routine” communication because by the time I sent it, it was an investigative theory that I had, I did not have any specific information from an informant or a technical source saying “these guys are ready to commit a terrorist attack”. It wasn’t a “priority” communication because I just wanted the information I developed sent out to the intelligence community for discussion and to see if anybody else had any other informant reporting about other subjects that were learning how to fly airplanes or who were studying aviation related subject material.

The rest is history. I wish I sent it as “priority” or “immediate” but I was following the procedures at the time and I didn’t have any specific information of any specific criminal activity they were planning. It was just a theory based on an accumulation of information that I had amassed in Arizona.


Undicisettembre: How come the Saudis, even the Saudi government, tried to help the terrorists in doing what they did?

Ken Williams: That’s a very interesting question. A lot of us here in the west don’t take the time to understand how the Saudi government and the Saudi society function. It’s a religious state, but it’s also a secular state because there’s a monarchy: the two have to learn how to try to live together. From what I’ve learned from academics and from my training with the US government, the monarchy has to sometimes cooperate with the religious extremists trough the Ministry of the Islamic Affairs to placate them so that the monarchy survives; if they don’t placate the religious extremists in their society the kingdom can be overthrown. You didn’t this before 9/11, but after 9/11 and the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq you saw al-Qaeda starting to attack the Saudi kingdom, they said enough “We want to overthrow the king of Saudi Arabia.”

Before 9/11 you did not see that because, based on what I read by academics, the Saudi government placated them by allowing them to do certain things and supporting them in recruiting mujahideen to go fight the Soviets in Afghanistan, that was also the West’s attempt to put a hit on the USSR and a lot of western countries supported the mujahideen. The US actively supported providing funds and weaponry to these guys who were fighting the Soviets.

It should be nothing new to Western governments that this is how the Saudi government functioned back in those days and I believe that now with pressure on them they have agreed to cooperate in trying to stop that terrorist activity. And that’s why I believe that the 9/11 family victims are being pushed back on by the United States government in obtaining cooperation to put heat on the Saudi government to face up to their culpability with several of their employees being involved with providing support to the hijackers in the United States before 9/11.


Undicisettembre: You are also in the Operation Encore and your name appears in the very famous New York Times article about it. Based on what you know as a part of this investigation, do you think the US government is doing everything they can to clarify what the role of the Saudis was, or are they trying to shield them somehow?

Ken Williams: I was not involved with Operation Encore before my retirement, I retired from the FBI in 2017 after thirty years of service. I became aware of Operation Encore post retirement after going to work for the plaintiff attorneys as an investigator and a consultant for the law firm of Kreindler and Kreindler. I can’t get into any specifics because the information is under an FBI protective order, but what I can assure you and your readers is this: there is something out there that needs to be followed up on by the US government. I do believe they are shielding the Saudi government for whatever reason. I do believe that more criminal investigation, despite what is going on with the civil investigation right now that I’m part of, should be done on this case: this is the largest murder that has taken place in the history of the United States. What you have here is a murder investigation that is unsolved, there are people that have to be held responsible for their actions that led up to that horrible day.

I’m outraged that these people, the victims of 9/11 and their families, are not getting more cooperation from the United States government in their litigation against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is really an American story, these people, with assistance of attorneys, got the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act, also known as JASTA, enacted. JASTA allows American citizens to sue foreign governments that are responsible, or culpable in one form or another, for civil damages. To get push back from their own government that invokes state secrets and so forth as reasons why they can’t help American citizens is a real travesty. What I tell colleagues and friends and people in the media like yourself is that when policies and procedures that are in place to protect secrets, that are originally designed to protect Americans, turn around and start hurting Americans they need to be changed. Our Congress and our legislators have to look at the system and to what the FBI, the Department of Justice and the CIA are doing and say “Hold on, we have to re-evaluate what is going on here because these policies and procedures that we have in place to protect secrets are now hurting the same citizens that they are supposed to protect.”

That’s why I am very animated about this and I got involved with assisting the law firm. I retired in May 2017 and in October I was contacted by the attorneys representing the victims of 9/11 and they asked me if I would be willing to assist as an investigator and a consultant on their case, I said “Absolutely, but let me check with my former employer.” I called the FBI and I was notified by the office of General Council of the FBI, which is the attorneys that run the FBI and tell us what we can or can’t do from a legal point of view, that they did not want me to assist the victims of 9/11 in their law suit against the government of Saudi Arabia. The first reason I was given was [Ken Williams reads this quote from the original document – editor’s note] “There’s other litigation involved in the US government going on and any cooperation that you provide might negatively impact that case. The Trump administration is also trying to have good relations with Saudi Arabia and they do not want you to give a deposition or cooperate with the council for the families.”

After being told that, after having been a loyal employee of the FBI for thirty years I called the law firm back and told them “Hey listen, they don’t want me to help you out” I didn’t know at that time that it was going to become the big deal that it is now. When I told that to the attorneys, they thanked me for my time and attention, but I felt horrible, I felt like I did something wrong. I hadn’t been able to help them for another nine months and then out the blue the law firm called me back and at that point I said “Yes, I’m going to help you” because for me it was inconceivable that someone in the US government would tell me not to help my fellow countrymen out. I decided to get on-board with the law firm and I’ve been working with them ever since to try to bring these people justice and to get a judgment against the government of Saudi Arabia for their complicity in the terrorist attack of 9/11.


Undicisettembre: If we link together all that we discussed so far and even what happened at the Alec Station with Doug Miller’s memo being blocked, do you think 9/11 could have been avoided if things were handled properly?

Ken Williams: I think there’s a very good likelihood. I don’t have a crystal ball, but I think things would have been handled differently, it might have been prevented or stalled for a period.

You have to remember in the mid-90s the US intelligence community found out terrorists were planning a planes operation called “Operation Bojinka” where they were going to detonate a number of planes, there was also a plot to fly a plane into the CIA headquarters. So, there was information out there.

So, yes, had things been handled differently we might have been able to at least delay the operation or prevent it entirely. The Ghassan al-Sharbi I mention in the Phoenix Memo was arrested in March 2002 in Faisalabad, Pakistan, with Abu Zubayda who at the time was considered one of the highest-ranking individuals for al-Qaeda and was one of the most hunted men in the world like bin Laden or al-Zawahiri, he was ranked number three in al-Qaeda during that time period. If you are Abu Zubayda and you are on the lam and hiding out from the West’s intelligence services you are not letting any random individual hide out in your hideaway with you. To me we were on the right track, this informant of mine pointed me in the right direction. Another thing I want to highlight is that Ghassan al-Sharbi and Zakaria Soubra were driving a car registered to Mohammed al-Qudhaeein who was one of the individuals on the America West Airlines flight.

We found that out when the war started and we went into Afghanistan and we retrieved caches of information from CD’s, hard drives, documents and so on; we identified Hamdan al-Shalawi as having attended an Al Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan in order to conduct an operation similar to the Kobar Towers bombing.

This all happened when I was taken off the case in Prescott, Arizona, and put on the arson case. This was when Hani Hanjour and Nawaf al-Hazmi, two of the 9/11 hijackers, entered the Phoenix metropolitan area to go to flight school and lived here for a period of time.

So, again, yes. I think if things were handled differently, if information was shared, if I didn’t get taken off the case, at the very least we would have delayed something or disrupted it so much that we could have prevented it. At the very same time of these events, I’m telling you about, FBI agent Harry Samit in Minneapolis identified Zacarias Moussaoui who was going to a flight school, very interested in flying but not very interested in learning how to land. Everything was coming together.

I think the information developed by myself, and the Phoenix FBI office, and our being on top of the guys I have mentioned to you today (Soubra, Al-Sharbi, Al-Shalawi and Al-Qudaheen) was possibly reported back to Khalid Sheik Mohammed. This, coupled together with the fact that the FBI was after Moussaoui in Minneapolis, has caused myself and some of my retired colleagues to wonder and ask ourselves: “Did we speed something up? How many more of these pilots did bin Laden train? Were there more than just four?” Maybe they felt, but this is pure speculation, that the wheels were starting to fall off the car and they had better get things going now otherwise they were not going to be able to do anything.

It’s a question that will haunt me for the rest of my life.

One thing I want to highlight is that every country’s intelligence services are doing their very best to protect its citizens from terrorists and terrorist attacks, but we have to be right all of the time, the terrorists have all the time in the world to sit and plan and only need to be right once to murder and cause great destruction. We’ve seen that happen time and time again. When we watch the horrors of ISIS in Syria and Iraq and we see them cutting people’s head off, we have to be cognizant of the fact that there are people out there who are having visions of one day becoming martyrs like the nineteen hijackers who murdered thousands of people on September 11, 2001. We have to always be vigilant to identify it, to attack it and to neutralize it, otherwise we are going to have another day like 9/11.

Intervista all'ex agente speciale dell'FBI Ken Williams, autore del Phoenix Memo

di Leonardo Salvaggio. L'originale inglese è disponibile qui.

Due mesi prima degli attentati dell'11 settembre, l'agente speciale dell'FBI Ken Williams mandò al quartier generale dell'agenzia un memo, oggi noto come Phoenix Memo, per informare della potenziale presenza di terroristi che stavano studiando aviazione civile. Per discutere del suo memo e di altri fallimenti dell'intelligence che hanno portato all'11/9, Ken Williams ha accettato la nostra proposta di un'intervista che offriamo oggi ai nostri lettori.

Ringraziamo Ken Williams per la sua cortesia e disponibilità.

We would like to thanks Ken Williams for his time and kindness.





Undicisettembre: Tu sei l'autore del celebre Phoenix Memo; puoi dirci di cosa si tratta?

Ken Williams:
Nel 1999 avevo un informatore, che ora è deceduto, che era un ex terrorista di un'organizzazione di rilievo, non posso dirti quale organizzazione fosse ma era un ex terrorista. Lo reclutai per lavorare per l'intelligence statunitense e mi riferì che c'erano due individui residenti a Prescott, in Arizona, che stavano organizzando una sezione di un'organizzazione chiamata al-Muhajiroun, che significa "l’immigrato". Al-Muhajiroun è nata nel 1983 alla Mecca, in Arabia Saudita, ed era un gruppo islamico sunnita piuttosto radicale che reclutava mujaheddin per andare a combattere i sovietici in Afghanistan. Al-Mujahiroun ha dato molti problemi al governo saudita intorno alla metà degli anni '80 e vennero poi dichiarati fuorilegge e banditi nel 1986. Lasciarono quindi l'Arabia Saudita e stabilirono il loro quartier generale a Londra. Una volta che i sovietici furono espulsi dall'Afghanistan e Osama bin Laden emerse come una figura di spicco, Al-Mujahiroun si autodefinì "gli occhi, le orecchie e il portavoce di Osama bin Laden e di al-Qaeda".

Questi uomini a Prescott frequentavano la Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, che è un'università per l'aviazione civile molto prestigiosa, i loro campus principali si trovano a Daytona Beach, in Florida, ma hanno un campus anche a Prescott. Prescott è una cittadina a duecentocinquanta chilometri a nord di Phoenix, è stata la prima capitale territoriale dell'Arizona, una cittadina da cowboy, uno dei luoghi in cui Wyatt Earp e Doc Holiday vissero nel 1800; e se questo tipo di cose possono succedere a Prescott, possono succedere ovunque, in qualsiasi piccola città, in qualsiasi parte del mondo.

Queste due persone andavano più volte alla settimana a Phoenix per reclutare uomini per al-Qaeda, andavano anche a Tempe, in Arizona, dove si trova l'Arizona State University, una delle più grandi università degli Stati Uniti, che è frequentata da molti studenti mediorientali dell'area del Golfo. Quindi, questi due stavano facendo il lavoro che gli era stato assegnato, reclutavano persone all'università e nelle moschee di Phoenix e Tempe. Uno dei due era un cittadino libanese che si trovava negli Stati Uniti con un visto per studenti di nome Zakaria Mustapha Soubra, studiava sicurezza aerea alla Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; il secondo si chiamava Ghassan al-Sharbi, era uno studente saudita, anche lui con un visto per studenti, che studiava ingegneria elettrica.

Questi individui erano un grossa minaccia secondo l'informatore e quando iniziammo a indagare su di loro, abbiamo visto che stavano diffondendo nelle moschee materiale che sosteneva Osama bin Laden e al-Qaeda. Questo fu il mio primo caso su questo tipo di persone con questa ideologia radicale negli Stati Uniti. Sulla base di questa e di altre attività che stavamo seguendo qui in Arizona sono giunto a concludere "Penso che al-Qaeda stia cercando di organizzare qualcosa con aerei o con l'aviazione civile qui negli Stati Uniti".

Nel novembre 1999 ci fu un altro incidente su un volo dell'American West Airlines, c'erano due sauditi, studenti di dottorato uno di nome Mohammed al-Qudhaeein e l'altro di nome Hamdan al-Shalawi, che fecero agli assistenti di volo e all'equipaggio strane domande sulle caratteristiche dell'aereo, come ”Quanto carburante trasporta l'aereo? Quante persone ci sono a bordo?" A un certo punto uno dei due si alzò e camminò verso la cabina di pilotaggio dell'aereo e provò ad aprire la porta, quando è stato fermato dagli assistenti di volo disse di aver sbagliato perché pensava che fosse la porta del bagno. L’equipaggio si spaventò e chiamò la cabina di pilotaggio per riferire al pilota cosa stava succedendo, il pilota atterrò a Columbus, nell'Ohio. L'aereo originariamente era diretto da Phoenix, in Arizona, a Washington DC; dopo essere atterrati a Columbus contattarono l'FBI e il dipartimento di polizia locale che fecero scendere i due uomini dall'aereo per interrogarli. I due tennero da subito un atteggiamento aggressivo sostenendo che si trattasse di profilazione razziale. Non erano presenti in nessun database dell’intelligence, non avevano precedenti penali e quindi non potevano essere ulteriormente trattenuti; furono fatti risalire sull'aereo e proseguirono fino Washington dove vennero accolti da membri dell'ambasciata saudita e del Consiglio degli Affari Islamici e tennero una conferenza stampa sui gradini del Campidoglio in cui parlarono di profilazione razziale e azioni discriminatorie da parte della compagnia aerea e delle forze dell'ordine.

Presi in considerazione quell'incidente e i due uomini che frequentavano la Embry-Riddle University, e c'erano altre indagini di cui non sono autorizzato a parlare perché sono ancora secretate e di cui non si parla nel Rapporto della Commissione sull'11 settembre. C’erano anche altre persone che avevano la stessa ideologia radicale che studiavano argomenti relativi all'aviazione civile. Decisi quindi il 10 luglio 2001 di scrivere un memo in cui comunicavo le mie osservazioni, le mie preoccupazioni e i miei sospetti e chiesi ai miei responsabili di discuterne con le varie agenzie di intelligence, non solo negli Stati Uniti; quando chiesi loro di discuterne con la CIA, pensavo che ne avrebbero discusso anche con i nostri alleati. Volevo solo verificare se fossero state raccolte informazioni di intelligence che supportassero la mia teoria secondo cui al-Qaeda stava inviando persone negli Stati Uniti per studiare materiali relativi all'aviazione.

Questa è una sorta di "reader’s digest" dell’intera questione.

Ci sono varie ragioni per cui ho impiegato così tanto tempo dal 1999 quando ho aperto il caso su questi due uomini a Prescott e sul volo dell'American West a quando ho inviato la comunicazione. Per un periodo di tempo, sono stato estromesso dal caso e messo su un'indagine di incendi dolosi. Al tempo c’era un uomo di nome Mark Warren Sands che appiccava incendi in case in costruzione nella proprietà della Mountains Preserve nell'area metropolitana di Phoenix; il dipartimento di polizia di Phoenix chiese all'FBI risorse investigative per aiutarli a cercare gli autori di questi incendi dolosi, cosa che alla fine riuscimmo a fare: venne arrestato e processato e passò più di vent'anni in prigione. Questo però mi distolse da al-Qaeda per un anno; tornai sull'indagine su Soubra e al-Sharbi a maggio o giugno del 2001 e quando mi misi ad aggiornare i miei file, mi venne l'idea di questa comunicazione che ora è conosciuta come Phoenix Memo.

Mark Sands distolse l’attenzione dell’FBI da questi operatori di al-Qaeda che erano nella nostra area di responsabilità.

La sede dell'Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University a Prescott


Undicisettembre: Sei stato interrogato dagli inquirenti dopo l'11 settembre riguardo alla tua comunicazione? La Commissione, l'FBI, qualcun altro?

Ken Williams: Non sentii nulla dal quartier generale dell'FBI. Mandai la comunicazione il 10 luglio del 2001, gli attacchi avvennero l’11 settembre 2001 e nel mondo burocratico dei governi non è assolutamente un lungo lasso di tempo. L'FBI ha tre classificazioni per le comunicazioni: "routine" che è una comunicazione da prendere in considerazione per un’azione quando è possibile, "priorità" che è un po' più alta di “routine” e significa "hey, c’è qualcosa, forse una minaccia concreta”, e poi “immediato” che significa “c'è una bomba ad orologeria, sta partendo qualcosa, dobbiamo mollare tutto quello che stiamo facendo e agire subito”. Inviai il Phoenix Memo come comunicazione di "routine" perché nel momento in cui lo inviai, era una mia teoria investigativa, non avevo alcuna informazione specifica da un informatore o da una fonte tecnica che dicesse "questi uomini sono pronti a commettere un attentato terroristico”. Non è stata una comunicazione di “priorità”, perché volevo solo che ciò che avevo scoperto venisse inviato alla comunità di intelligence per una discussione e per vedere se qualcun altro aveva un altro informatore che avesse segnalato persone che stavano imparando a guidare aeroplani o che stavano studiando materiale relativo all'aviazione.

Il resto è storia. Vorrei averlo inviato come "priorità" o "immediato", ma in quel momento stavo seguendo le procedure e non avevo informazioni specifiche su una precisa attività criminale che stessero pianificando. Era solo una teoria basata su informazioni che avevo raccolto in Arizona.


Undicisettembre: Com’è possibile che i sauditi, e anche il governo saudita, abbiano cercato di aiutare i terroristi nel fare quello che hanno fatto?

Ken Williams: Questa è una domanda molto interessante. Molti di noi qui in occidente non capiscono come funzionano il governo e la società saudita. È uno stato religioso, ma è anche uno stato laico perché c'è una monarchia: i due devono imparare a coesistere. Da quello che ho imparato dagli accademici e dalla mia formazione presso il governo degli Stati Uniti, la monarchia deve talvolta cooperare con gli estremisti religiosi attraverso il Ministero degli Affari Islamici per placarli in modo che la monarchia sopravviva; se non placano gli estremisti religiosi nella loro società il regno può essere rovesciato. Non si è visto prima dell’11/9, ma dopo l’11/9 e le conseguenti guerre in Afghanistan e in Iraq si è visto che al-Qaeda ha iniziato ad attaccare il regno saudita, hanno detto chiaramente “Vogliamo rovesciare il re dell'Arabia Saudita.”

Prima dell'11 settembre non era così evidente perché, in base a quello che ho appreso dagli accademici, il governo saudita li ha accontentati permettendo loro di fare alcune cose e aiutandoli a reclutare mujaheddin per andare a combattere i sovietici in Afghanistan, che era anche il tentativo dell'Occidente di colpire l'URSS e infatti molti paesi occidentali hanno sostenuto i mujaheddin. Gli Stati Uniti hanno sostenuto attivamente fornendo fondi e armi a questi gruppi che combattevano i sovietici.

Non dovrebbe essere una novità per i governi occidentali che questo è il modo in cui funzionava il governo saudita a quei tempi e credo che ora, con la pressione che subiscono, abbiano accettato di cooperare nel cercare di fermare quest'attività terroristica. Ed è per questo che credo che le famiglie delle vittime dell'11 settembre abbiano ottenuto un rifiuto dal governo degli Stati Uniti nell'ottenere la loro cooperazione per fare pressione al governo saudita affinché affrontino le loro colpe con molti dei loro dipendenti coinvolti nel fornire supporto al dirottatori negli Stati Uniti prima dell'11 settembre.


Undicisettembre: Tu sei anche coinvolto nell'Operazione Encore e il tuo nome compare nel famosissimo articolo del New York Times a riguardo. Sulla base di ciò che sai come parte di questa indagine, pensi che il governo degli Stati Uniti stia facendo tutto il possibile per chiarire quale sia stato il ruolo dei sauditi o stia cercando di proteggerli in qualche modo?

Ken Williams: Non ero coinvolto nell'Operazione Encore prima di uscire dall’FBI, mi sono ritirato nel 2017 dopo trent'anni di servizio. Sono venuto a conoscenza dell'Operazione Encore dopo aver cambiato lavoro ed essere andato a lavorare per gli avvocati dei querelanti come investigatore e consulente per lo studio legale Kreindler e Kreindler. Non posso entrare nello specifico, perché è sotto ordine restrittivo dell'FBI, ma quello che posso assicurare a te a i tuoi lettori è questo: c'è qualcosa che il governo degli Stati Uniti dovrebbe indagare. Io credo che stiano difendendo il governo saudita per qualche motivo. Credo che servano altre indagini penali, oltre a quello che sta già succedendo con le indagini civili di cui faccio parte, su questo caso: questo è il più grande omicidio che abbia avuto luogo nella storia degli Stati Uniti. Questa è un'indagine per omicidio irrisolta, ci sono persone che devono essere ritenute responsabili delle loro azioni che hanno portato a quel giorno orribile.

Sono indignato del fatto che le vittime dell'11 settembre e le loro famiglie non ottengano maggiore collaborazione dal governo degli Stati Uniti nella loro causa contro il Regno dell'Arabia Saudita. È davvero una storia americana, queste persone, con l'assistenza di avvocati, hanno ottenuto l’emanazione del Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act, noto come JASTA. Il JASTA consente ai cittadini americani di citare in giudizio governi stranieri responsabili, o colpevoli in una forma o in un'altra, per danni civili. Essere respinti dal proprio governo che invoca segreti di stato e motivazioni analoghe come ragioni per cui non possono aiutare i cittadini americani è una vera farsa. Quello che dico a colleghi, amici e persone nei media come te è che quando le politiche e le procedure emanate per proteggere i segreti, originariamente progettate per proteggere gli americani, si rivoltano e iniziano a danneggiare gli americani, devono essere cambiate. Il nostro Congresso e i nostri legislatori devono guardare al sistema e a cosa stanno facendo l'FBI, il Dipartimento di Giustizia e la CIA e dire “Aspetta, dobbiamo rivalutare cosa sta succedendo perché queste politiche e procedure che avevamo messo in atto per proteggere i segreti stanno ora danneggiando gli stessi cittadini che dovrebbero proteggere”.

È per questo che sono così infervorato e mi sono impegnato nell'assistere lo studio legale. Mi sono ritirato dall’FBI a maggio del 2017 e ad ottobre sono stato contattato dagli avvocati che rappresentano le vittime dell'11 settembre che mi hanno chiesto se fossi disposto a dare assistenza come investigatore e consulente sul loro caso, ho detto “Assolutamente, ma fatemi fare una verifica con il mio ex datore di lavoro". Ho chiamato l'FBI e sono stato informato dall'ufficio del Consiglio Generale dell'FBI, che è composto dagli avvocati che conducono l'FBI e ci dicono cosa possiamo o non possiamo fare da un punto di vista legale, che non volevano che assistessi le famiglie delle vittime dell'11 settembre nella loro causa contro il governo dell'Arabia Saudita. La prima ragione che mi è stata data è stata [Ken Williams legge questa citazione dal documento originale – NdR] “C’è un’altra causa in corso in cui è coinvolto il governo degli Stati Uniti e qualsiasi collaborazione tu possa fornire potrebbe avere un impatto negativo su quel caso. L'amministrazione Trump sta anche cercando di tenere buoni rapporti con l'Arabia Saudita e non vogliono che tu rilasci deposizioni o collabori con il comitato per le famiglie”.

Quando mi è stato detto ciò, dopo essere stato un fedele dipendente dell'FBI per trent'anni, ho richiamato lo studio legale e ho detto loro "Hey, non vogliono che vi aiuti" Non sapevo in quel momento che sarebbe diventato una questione grossa come lo è ora. Quando ho dato questa risposta agli avvocati, mi hanno ringraziato per il mio tempo e l’attenzione che avevo dedicato, ma mi sono sentito malissimo, mi sono sentito come se avessi fatto qualcosa di sbagliato. Non ho potuto aiutarli per altri nove mesi e poi all'improvviso lo studio legale mi ha richiamato e a quel punto ho detto “Sì, vi aiuterò” perché per me era inconcepibile che qualcuno nel governo degli Stati Uniti mi dicesse di non aiutare i miei connazionali. Ho deciso di collaborare con lo studio legale e da allora lavoro con loro per cercare di portare giustizia a queste persone e ottenere una sentenza contro il governo dell'Arabia Saudita per la loro complicità nell'attacco terroristico dell’11/9.


Undicisettembre: Se colleghiamo tutto ciò di cui abbiamo discusso finora e anche quello che è successo alla Alec Station con il memo di Doug Miller che venne bloccato, pensi che l'11 settembre avrebbe potuto essere evitato se le cose fossero state gestite correttamente?

Ken Williams: Penso che ci sia un'ottima probabilità. Non ho la sfera di cristallo, ma penso che se le cose fossero state gestite diversamente, si sarebbe potuto prevenire o fermare per un lasso di tempo.

Dobbiamo tenere a mente che a metà degli anni '90 la comunità di intelligence statunitense scoprì che i terroristi stavano pianificando un'operazione chiamata "Operazione Bojinka" in cui avrebbero fatto esplodere degli aerei, c'era anche un piano per far schiantare un aereo contro il quartier generale della CIA. Quindi, c'erano informazioni disponibili.

Quindi, sì, se le cose fossero state gestite diversamente avremmo potuto almeno ritardare l'operazione o impedirla del tutto. Il Ghassan al-Sharbi che menziono nel Phoenix Memo fu arrestato nel marzo 2002 a Faisalabad, in Pakistan, con Abu Zubayda che all'epoca era considerato uno dei vertici di al-Qaeda ed era uno degli uomini più braccati al mondo come bin Laden o al-Zawahiri, era al terzo posto nei ranghi di al-Qaeda in quel periodo. Se sei Abu Zubayda e sei in fuga e ti nascondi dai servizi di intelligence dell'Occidente, non lasci che un individuo a caso si nasconda nel tuo nascondiglio con te. Per me eravamo sulla strada giusta, questo mio informatore mi ha indicato la direzione giusta. Un'altra cosa che voglio sottolineare è che Ghassan al-Sharbi e Zakaria Soubra usavano un'auto intestata a Mohammed al-Qudhaeein, che era una delle persone sul volo dell'America West Airlines.

Scoprimmo tutto ciò quando iniziò la guerra e andammo in Afghanistan e recuperammo molte informazioni da CD, dischi rigidi, documenti e altri supporti; scoprimmo che Hamdan Al-Shalawi aveva frequentato un campo di addestramento di al-Qaeda in Afghanistan al fine di condurre un'operazione simile all’attentato contro le Kobar Towers.

Tutto questo accadde quando fui tolto dal caso a Prescott, in Arizona, e posto sul caso degli incendi dolosi. Quando Hani Hanjour e Nawaf al-Hazmi, due dei dirottatori dell'11 settembre, entrarono nell'area metropolitana di Phoenix per frequentare la scuola di volo e vissero qui per un periodo di tempo.

Quindi, di nuovo, sì. Penso che se le cose fossero state gestite diversamente, se le informazioni fossero state condivise, se non fossi stato tolto dal caso, almeno avremmo ritardato qualcosa o l'avremmo compromesso al punto da prevenirlo del tutto. Contemporaneamente a questi eventi, di cui ti sto parlando, l'agente dell'FBI Harry Samit a Minneapolis identificò Zacarias Moussaoui che frequentava una scuola di volo, era molto interessato al volo ma poco a imparare come atterrare. Tutti i pezzi si stavano componendo.

Penso che le informazioni che avevo raccolto io con l'ufficio di Phoenix FBI e il fatto che stessimo seguendo le persone di cui ti ho parlato oggi (Soubra, Al-Sharbi, Al-Shalawi e Al-Qudaheen) siano stati riportati anche a Khalid Sheik Mohammed. Tutto questo, unito al fatto che l'FBI stava indagando su Moussaoui a Minneapolis, ha portato me e alcuni dei miei colleghi che hanno lasciato l’FBI a chiederci: “Abbiamo accelerato noi le cose? Quanti altri di questi piloti aveva addestrato bin Laden? Ce n’erano più di quattro?" Forse si accorsero, ma questa è pura congettura, che stavano per deragliare e che avrebbero fatto meglio ad accelerare la pianificazione, altrimenti non sarebbero fato nulla.

È una domanda che mi perseguiterà per il resto della mia vita.

Una cosa che voglio sottolineare è che i servizi di intelligence di ogni paese fanno del loro meglio per proteggere i propri cittadini dai terroristi e dagli attacchi terroristici, ma noi siamo costretti ad avere successo sempre, mentre i terroristi hanno tutto il tempo del mondo per sedersi e pianificare e a loro basta avere successo una volta sola per uccidere e causare grandi distruzioni. Lo abbiamo visto accadere più e più volte. Quando guardiamo gli orrori dell’ISIS in Siria e Iraq e li vediamo tagliare le teste alle persone, dobbiamo essere consapevoli del fatto che ci sono persone che sognano di diventare un giorno martiri come i diciannove dirottatori che hanno ucciso migliaia di persone l'11 settembre 2001. Dobbiamo essere sempre vigili per identificare le loro azioni, affrontarli e neutralizzarli, altrimenti avremo un altro giorno come l'11 settembre.

2018/03/26

An interview with former CIA officer Glenn Carle

by Hammer. An Italian translation is available here.

Understanding 9/11 doesn't only mean knowing the events of that day, but also the mistakes that were made before that led to the terrorists fulfilling their plan, and even what happened afterwards with the War on Terrorism and the killing of Osama bin Laden. To further explore these topics Undicisettembre collected the account of former CIA office Glenn Carle.

We would like to thank Glenn Carle for his kindess and willingness to help.


Undicisettembre: Hi Glenn, thanks for the time you are giving us. Would you first like to introduce yourself?

Glenn Carle: My name is Glenn Carle, I was a career CIA officer, an operations officer. And my last position was as the Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Transnational Threats of the National Intelligence Counsel, it's a long title but that means that I was responsible for the intelligence community’s assessments of strategic threats to the United States, and in particular terrorism.


Undicisettembre: Could 9/11 have been avoided if CIA and FBI communicated better between each other? Reason why I'm asking this is I guess you know what happened with FBI agent Doug Miller’s memo to the FBI that was blocked by the CIA. Ali Soufan talks about this in details in his book The Black Banners.

Glenn Carle: Well, when you look at the pieces of information that the intelligence community had, we could have put them together and stopped 9/11. That is true. Yes, there were errors of omission and errors of commission and errors of understanding. That's easy to say but that's a meaningless statement, because it is like saying "If I didn't do anything wrong, nothing would have gone wrong."

Ali is a friend, I respect his professionalism and judgment and he's correct. I'm pretty sure of the facts that he presents even if I didn't know or live the facts that he presents exactly. But I think it's too easy to say we could have avoided it.


Undicisettembre: What do you think about the hunt for bin Laden and how your former colleagues tracked him down?

Glenn Carle: I was one of many many many intelligence officers who played some part in that as I worked in terrorism related issues. It was one of the triumphs of the intelligence community to piece the puzzle together and to find him. It was very good work.


Undicisettembre: What do you think of the decision not to show pictures of bin Laden dead?

Glenn Carle: It was a good idea not to show the pictures, just as when Hitler died and World War 2 ended the allies were concerned that there not be a grave site that could serve as a point for the sainthood of the fallen leader, as a rallying point for opposition-to-be against the victor, which in World War 2 were the Allies and the Soviets. In the fight against Islamic terrorism, to show pictures of bin Laden with a hole in his head and blood all over him would have served as a point to encourage and inspire hatred of the Americans as barbarians. I think it was a wise thing not to show the photos, even while understanding that not showing them would allow conspiracy theorists to say he’s alive somewhere... with Elvis maybe in the Bahamas. But that’s a lesser problem to deal with then creating the anger that would come by showing him as a tortured martyr.


Undicisettembre: In your opinion, or as far as you know, was Pakistan shielding him or were they totally unaware he was hiding in Abbottabad?

Glenn Carle: This is a big question, isn’t it? Surely ISI has had and continues to have connections to Islamic terrorist groups, to include al Qaeda. That doesn’t mean that they necessarily knew where bin Laden was or played a role in protecting him. It is possible, but then to my knowledge the American intelligence services were not aware of that. It appears that there’s support in the Pakistani intelligence services for terrorist groups for Pakistan’s own reasons, and that there’s support in Pakistani society to some extent for jihad, al Qaeda and for bin Laden as a Muslim man who poked his thumb in the eyes on the United States. To my knowledge we have no information to substantiate that the Pakistanis knew where bin Laden was or played a role in protecting him.


Undicisettembre: What are your thoughts about the use of torture during the so called War on Terrorism?

Glenn Carle: Torture is illegal, ineffective, unnecessary, un-American and counterproductive. It betrays the entire point of the saga of American history and culture. It betrays western civilization’s three thousand years of struggle to have the state serve the needs of individuals, freedom and the rights of individuals. It is an action of fear and anger, it’s an instinct of reaction: to hate your enemy, to demonize him, and to want to subjugate him. It’s similar to rituals that human society engaged in throughout history, like pulling the hearts out of the victims if you were an Aztec or sacrificing people if you were an ancient Greek.

There’s no reason ever to do it and there’s every civilized reason not to; it does not give you strength, it does not make you safer, we do not need to do it. It undermines who we are and it makes us less as a society and as a nation. It truly contributed to the decay and the decline of American civilization and American democracy. It never ever should be part of any civilized state’s behavior.


Undicisettembre: Apart from being inhuman has torture been useful in finding bin Laden or Khalid Sheikh Mohammed?

Glenn Carle: No. The claims by the parties that defend it and say it has provided intelligence come from two types of people: those who are sincere but misled by people to whom they look for guidance and in whom they believe, and those who don’t want to be charged as war criminals and can’t accept that they made a terrible error in judgment. The claims by CIA, some of my former colleagues, of instances about when torture provided critical intelligence have all been shown to be spurious and completely not true.


Undicisettembre: What are your thoughts about the war in Iraq? Was it a mistake or was it justified?

Glenn Carle: It certainly turned out to be a catastrophic mistake. At the time I had worked on Iraqi issues, on their weapons of mass destruction program: biological, chemical and nuclear. I personally accepted, and I was in a good position to know, that Saddam continued to have programs to develop biological and nuclear weapons; that turned out to be completely wrong. The invasion as it was conceived and carried out was a catastrophic mistake because we literally had no plan for what would happen after Saddam’s fall.

America can destroy any army in any country, that’s the easy part. But what happens then? We had no plans and the assumptions of our leaders were insanely wrong. It’s one of the great blunders in American history.


Undicisettembre: Do you think that war in Iraq was also the cause for the rise of ISIS?

Glenn Carle: Oh, absolutely! There’s no question about it. Radical Islam precedes invasion of Iraq, but the invasion of Iraq, by breaking Iraq as it has existed, destroyed the dominance of the Sunni in Iraq and gave the Shia, who had been the majority in population but was a subjugated group, the upper hand; it extended the influence of Iran and took power away from Sunni tribal leaders in the west of Iraq in particular, which they resented and opposed. Also the Saudis in the great game of Sunni and Shia rivalry were not happy with the extension of Shia influence.

The destabilization of the traditional power structure aggrieved and angered the Sunni in Iraq and contributed to the destabilization of Syria and the radicalization of the Sunni in particular. Then you combine that with Assad’s history of ruthless oppression of any dissent and with a terrible series of droughts that led to some crop failures and water shortages that led to civil unrest in Syrian society, and the demand by different fractions that they be given a greater say, and the ruthless insurgency, all of which was exploited by jihadists. That led to the collapse and disruption of Iraq and Syria, the jihadists contributed to that, and they took over.

So yes, the destabilization caused by the invasion was one of the important factors leading to the rise of ISIS.


Undicisettembre: Linking two topics we have discussed so far, do you think there was any connection between Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden? The invasion of Iraq was also based on this.

Glenn Carle: There was no connection whatsoever. Zero. Al Qaeda had nothing to do with Saddam Hussein and Saddam Hussein had nothing to do with al Qaeda. Saddam Hussein was secular, he opposed Islamic radicalization and terrorist groups. The association by the Bush administration that Saddam Hussein was connected to bin Laden is wrong. We know for certain that there’s no connection at all.


Undicisettembre: What are your thoughts about the alleged connections between the Saudis and the 19 hijackers?

Glenn Carle: It is true that there are rich Saudis who contributed and continue to contribute to radical Islamic and terrorist organizations like al Qaeda; but that the Saudi government formally supported bin Laden or al Qaeda, no. That’s not true.


Undicisettembre: What are your thoughts about conspiracy theories that claim that 9/11 was an inside job?

Glenn Carle: Well, you know, the Moon is made of cream cheese, the Earth is flat, you shouldn’t go out at night because there are werewolves. And of course the CIA did 9/11 and then killed bin Laden to make it look like we didn’t. These statements are equally insane.

The CIA has thousand of employees, there are countless very good journalists but still no one of the persons involved in this huge plot left any record, never had any conversation, no one said anything to anybody and they are all perfect in their silence about this. That’s absolutely impossible, it’s completely crazy. But there are a lot of crazy people. I said one time to my son when he was driving and a person cut us off, we almost had an accident and he was getting angry “Remember that by definition one half of the people surrounding you have IQ’s that are below 100.” So it’s not a surprise that there are a lot of conspiracy theories because there are a lot of people around who... aren’t very bright.


Undicisettembre: I guess you have the same thoughts about conspiracy theories about the killing of Osama bin Laden, right?

Glenn Carle: Yes, I have the same thoughts. Surely.


Undicisettembre: What do you think of ISIS today? What should the West do with them?

Glenn Carle: This is a very difficult question. There are a lot of problems that you can’t fix and that’s frustrating to us all, but I think that at a strategic level from the point of view of the United States and the west we have handled the ISIS problem under Obama as we should. The United States could have destroyed ISIS in three weeks, but then what? We don’t want Assad, we don’t want radical Sunnis, the Sunnis don’t want the Shia, we don’t want the Iranians, no one wants the Kurds, we don’t want the Turks, we don’t want the Russians and we don’t want to be there either.

So unless the USA, or the west, or NATO, accept to make Syria an eternal colony occupied by our army and suffering insurgencies and murders forever, until we change the entire society to embrace secular norms, that’s not acceptable to anybody. That would be the consequence of invasion and none of that would be acceptable to anybody.

So what do you do? We don’t want ISIS to expand and there’s no one who is acceptable to anyone who’s strong enough to destroy ISIS. So we work with local forces and help them destroy ISIS. Now the question is: what’s next? No one likes the answers because they are all bad. Assad is the only realistic power that can rule the country, but we consider Assad horrible and a murderer. But the alternative is zero, so we got the least bad of a list of bad solutions. Now Trump has handed over whatever outside influence there is to Russia and that’s the exact opposite of what the United States should want to accomplish. But that’s where our president is and that’s where we are.

Intervista con l'ex funzionario della CIA Glenn Carle

di Hammer. L'originale inglese è disponibile qui.

Capire l'11/9 non significa solo conoscere i fatti di quel giorno, ma anche gli errori che sono stati fatti in precedenza e che hanno permesso ai terroristi di agire e anche quanto avvenuto dopo con la guerra al terrorismo e l'uccisione di Osama bin Laden. Per discutere di questi temi Undicisettembre ha raccolto il racconto dell'ex funzionario della CIA Glenn Carle.

Ringraziamo Glenn Carle per la sua cortesia e disponibilità.


Undicisettembre: Ciao Glenn, grazie del tempo che ci stai dedicando. Ti va anzitutto di presentarti?

Glenn Carle: Mi chiamo Glenn Carle, ero un funzionario di carriera della CIA, un funzionario operativo. E la mia ultima posizione è stata di Vice Ufficiale per le minacce internazionali del Consiglio d’Intelligence Nazionale, è un titolo lungo ma significa che ero responsabile delle valutazioni della comunità di intelligence sulle minacce strategiche verso gli Stati Uniti, e in particolare il terrorismo.


Undicisettembre: L’11/9 avrebbe potuto essere evitato se la CIA e l’FBI avessero comunicato meglio tra loro? Il motivo per cui faccio questa domanda è che credo tu sappia cosa è successo con il memo dell’agente dell’FBI Doug Miller che era destinato all’FBI e che fu bloccato dalla CIA. Ali Soufan ne parla in dettaglio nel suo libro The Black Banners.

Glenn Carle: Beh, se guardi tutte le informazioni che la comunità di intelligence aveva, avremmo potuto metterle insieme e fermare l’11/9. Questo è vero. Sì, sono stati fatti errori di omissione ed errori di commissione ed errori di comprensione. E’ facile dirlo ma è un'asserzione senza significato, perché è come dire “Se non avessi fatto nulla di sbagliato, nulla sarebbe andato male.”

Ali è un amico, rispetto la sua professionalità e il suo giudizio e ha ragione. Sono piuttosto sicuro dei fatti che lui presenta anche se non li ho conosciuti o vissuti in dettaglio. Ma penso che sia troppo semplice dire che avremmo potuto evitarlo.


Undicisettembre: Cosa pensi della caccia a bin Laden e di come i tuoi colleghi lo hanno trovato?

Glenn Carle: Sono uno dei tanti tanti ufficiali dell'intelligence che hanno avuto un ruolo in questo perché ho lavorato su questioni legate al terrorismo. Mettere insieme i pezzi del puzzle e trovarlo è stato uno dei trionfi della comunità di intelligence. E’ stato un ottimo lavoro.


Undicisettembre: Cosa pensi della decisione di non mostrare foto di bin Laden morto?

Glenn Carle: E’ stata una buona idea non mostrare le foto, così come appena dopo che Hitler morì e la Seconda Guerra Mondiale finì gli alleati erano preoccupati che non ci dovesse essere una tomba che servisse come punto per la santificazione del leader caduto, come un punto di raccolta per la futura opposizione al vincitore, che nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale erano gli Alleati e i Sovietici. Nella lotta contro il terrorismo islamico, mostrare le foto di bin Laden con un buco in faccia e coperto di sangue sarebbe servito come incoraggiamento e ispirazione dell'odio contro gli americani come barbari. Penso che sia stato saggio non mostrare le foto, pur capendo che non mostrarle avrebbe permesso ai complottisti di dire che è vivo da qualche parte... con Elvis magari alle Bahamas. Ma è un problema minore da affrontare che creare la rabbia che scaturirebbe dal mostrare le foto di lui come un martire torturato.


Undicisettembre: Secondo te, o per quanto ne sai, il Pakistan lo stava proteggendo o erano totalmente all’oscuro che si nascondeva ad Abbottabad?

Glenn Carle: È una bella domanda, vero? Sicuramente l’ISI ha avuto e continua ad avere legami con i gruppi terroristici islamici tra cui al Qaeda. Questo non significa che necessariamente sapevano dove fosse o che abbiano avuto un ruolo nel proteggerlo. E’ possibile, ma in questo caso che io sappia l'intelligence americana non ne era a conoscenza. Sembra che ci sia supporto nei servizi di intelligence pakistani per i gruppi terroristici per motivi interni al Pakistan, e c'è supporto nella società pakistana a un certo livello per la jihad, per al Qaeda e per bin Laden come un uomo musulmano che ha infilato le dita negli occhi agli Stati Uniti. Che io sappia non abbiamo informazioni a sostegno del fatto che i pakistani sapessero dov'era bin Laden e che abbiano avuto un ruolo nel proteggerlo.


Undicisettembre: Cosa pensi dell’uso della tortura nella cosiddetta Guerra al Terrorismo?

Glenn Carle: La tortura è illegale, inefficace, non necessaria, antiamericana e controproducente. Tradisce il principio della saga della storia e della cultura americane. Tradisce i tremila anni di sforzo della società occidentale per avere lo stato che serva le necessità degli individui, la libertà e i diritti degli individui. E’ un atto di paura e rabbia, è un istinto di reazione: odiare il nemico fino a demonizzarlo e volerlo soggiogare. È simile ai rituali che le società umane hanno compiuto nella storia come estrarre il cuore dalle vittime per gli Aztechi o sacrificare le persone per gli antichi Greci.

Non c'è alcuna ragione per farlo e c'è ogni ragione civilizzata per non farlo; non rende forti, non rende più sicuri, non abbiamo bisogno di farlo. Mina alla base chi siamo e ci deprime come società e come nazione. Ha veramente contribuito al decadimento e al declino della civilizzazione americana e della democrazia americana. Non dovrebbe mai essere parte del comportamento di uno stato civile.


Undicisettembre: Oltre a essere disumana la tortura è stata utile a trovare bin Laden o Khalid Sheikh Mohammed?

Glenn Carle: No. Le asserzioni da parte di chi l’ha difesa sostenendo che ha fornito informazioni arrivano da due tipi di persone: quelli che sono sinceri ma male informati dalle persone di cui si fidano e in cui credono, e quelli che non vogliono essere accusati di crimini di guerra e non possono accettare di aver fatto un terribile errore di giudizio. Le asserzioni degli agenti della CIA, alcuni miei ex colleghi, riguardo a casi in cui la tortura ha fornito informazioni rilevanti sono state mostrate essere fasulle e completamente false.


Undicisettembre: Cosa pensi della guerra in Iraq? E’ stato un errore o era giustificata?

Glenn Carle: Certamente si è dimostrata essere un errore catastrofico. Al tempo avevo lavorato sull’Iraq, sul loro programma per le armi di distruzione di massa: biologiche, chimiche e nucleari. Personalmente avevo accettato, ed ero in una buona posizione per saperlo, che Saddam aveva continuato ad avere programmi per sviluppare armi biologiche e nucleari; questo si è dimostrato essere completamente falso. L'invasione per come è stata concepita e condotta è stata un errore catastrofico perché letteralmente non avevamo alcun piano per ciò che sarebbe successo dopo la caduta di Saddam.

L'America può distruggere qualunque esercito in qualunque nazione, questa è la parte facile. Ma poi cosa succede? Non avevamo alcun piano e le assunzioni dei nostri governanti erano incredibilmente sbagliate. E’ uno dei grossi abbagli nella storia americana.


Undicisettembre: Pensi che la guerra in Iraq sia una delle cause della nascita dell’ISIS?

Glenn Carle: Oh, sicuramente! Non c’è dubbio. L’Islam radicale precede l’invasione dell’Iraq, ma l’invasione dell’Iraq, spaccando l’Iraq come era esistito, ha distrutto la dominazione dei Sunniti in Iraq e ha dato il controllo agli Sciiti, che erano stati la maggioranza della popolazione ma soggiogata; ha esteso l’influenza dell’Iran e ha tolto il potere dai leader tribali Sunniti nell’ovest dell’Iraq in particolare, che loro detestavano e a cui si opponevano. Inoltre i Sauditi nel grande gioco della rivalità tra Sunniti e Sciiti non erano contenti dell’allargamento dell’influenza degli Sciiti.

La destabilizzazione della struttura tradizionale del potere ha danneggiato e ha fatto infuriare i Sunniti in Iraq e ha contribuito alla destabilizzazione della Siria e alla radicalizzazione dei Sunniti in particolare. Poi mischia questo con la storia di Assad di oppressione spietata di ogni dissenso e con una terribile serie di siccità che hanno portato a mancati raccolti e mancanze di acqua che hanno portato a disordini sociali in Siria, e alla richiesta da parte di diverse fazioni di avere maggiore voce in capitolo, e le spietate insurrezioni che sono state tutte sfruttate dai jihadisti. Questo ha portato al crollo e alla distruzione dell'Iraq e della Siria, i jihadisti hanno vi contribuito, e hanno preso il controllo.

Quindi sì, la destabilizzazione causata dall'invasione è stata uno degli importanti fattori che hanno portato alla nascita dell'ISIS.


Undicisettembre: Collegando due degli argomenti che abbiamo discusso fin qui, credi che ci sia stato qualche legame tra Saddam Hussein e Osama bin Laden? L’invasione dell’Iraq era basata anche su questo.

Glenn Carle: Non c'era alcun legame. Zero. Al Qaeda non aveva nulla in comune con Saddam Hussein e Saddam Hussein non aveva nulla in comune con al Qaeda. Saddam Hussein era un laico, si opponeva all'Islam radicale e ai gruppi terroristi. L'associazione fatta dall'amministrazione Bush secondo cui Saddam Hussein aveva legami con bin Laden è sbagliata. Sappiamo per certo che non c'era alcun legame.


Undicisettembre: Cosa pensi delle presunte connessioni tra i Sauditi e i 19 dirottatori?

Glenn Carle: È vero che ci sono dei ricchi Sauditi che hanno contribuito e continuano a contribuire all'Islam radicale e alle organizzazioni terroristiche come al Qaeda; ma che il governo Saudita formalmente abbia supportato bin Laden o al Qaeda, no. Questo non è vero.


Undicisettembre: Cosa pensi delle teorie del complotto secondo cui l’11/9 fu un autoattentato?

Glenn Carle: Beh, sai, la Luna è fatta di formaggio spalmabile, la Terra è piatta, non dovresti uscire di notte perché ci sono i licantropi. E ovviamente la CIA ha realizzato l’11/9 e poi ha ucciso bin Laden per far sembrare che non siamo stati noi. Tutte queste asserzioni sono egualmente folli.

La CIA ha migliaia di impiegati, ci sono innumerevoli bravissimi giornalisti eppure nessuna delle persone coinvolte in questo immenso complotto ha lasciato una traccia, non ha mai avuto una conversazione a riguardo, nessuno ha detto nulla a nessuno e sono tutti perfetti nel loro silenzio su questo argomento. E’ completamente impossibile, è completamente folle. Ma c'è molta gente folle. Una volta ho detto a mio figlio mentre stava guidando e una persona ci ha tagliato la strada, abbiamo quasi fatto un incidente e lui si stava arrabbiando “Ricorda che per definizione metà delle persone intorno a te hanno un quoziente intellettivo inferiore a 100.” Quindi non è una sorpresa che ci siano molte teorie del complotto perché ci sono molte persone in giro che... non sono molto intelligenti.


Undicisettembre: Immagino che pensi le stesse cose sulle teorie del complotto sull’uccisione di Osama bin Laden, giusto?

Glenn Carle: Sì, la penso allo stesso modo. Certamente.


Undicisettembre: Cosa pensi dell’ISIS oggi? L’occidente come dovrebbe gestire la situazione?

Glenn Carle: Questa è una domanda molto difficile. Ci sono molti problemi che non puoi risolvere ed è frustrante per tutti noi, ma credo che sul piano strategico dal punto di vista degli Stati Uniti e dell'occidente abbiamo trattato il problema dell'ISIS sotto Obama come dovevamo. Gli Stati Uniti avrebbero potuto distruggere l'ISIS in tre settimane, ma poi? Non vogliamo Assad, non vogliamo i Sunniti radicali, i Sunniti non vogliono gli Sciiti, non vogliamo gli Iraniani, nessuno vuole Curdi, non vogliamo i Turchi, non vogliamo i Russi e non vogliamo nemmeno restare lì noi.

Quindi a meno che gli Stati Uniti, o l'occidente, o la NATO, accettino di rendere la Siria una colonia permanente occupata dal nostro esercito e di subire rivolte e omicidi in eterno, finché non cambiamo l'intera società facendo in modo che adottino norme laiche, questo non è accettabile per nessuno. Questa sarebbe la conseguenza di un'invasione e nulla di tutto ciò sarebbe accettabile per nessuno.

Quindi cosa facciamo? Non vogliamo che l'ISIS si espanda e non c'è nessuno che sia accettabile per qualcuno che sia abbastanza forte da distruggere l'ISIS. Quindi lavoriamo con le forze locali per aiutarle a distruggere l'ISIS. Ora la questione è: cosa succede dopo? A nessuno piacciono le risposte perché sono tutte brutte. Assad è l'unico potere realistico che può governare la nazione, Ma noi consideriamo Assad orribile e un assassino. Ma le alternative sono zero, quindi ci teniamo il minore dei mali di una lista di brutte soluzioni. Ora Trump ha lasciato tutta l'influenza esterna che c'è alla Russia ed è esattamente il contrario di ciò che gli Stati Uniti dovrebbero volere. Ma questo è so che sta facendo il nostro presidente e queste sono le condizioni in cui siamo.

2017/03/27

Le riflessioni dell'ex agente dell'FBI Mark Rossini

di Hammer

L'ex agente dell'FBI Mark Rossini ha scritto un lungo testo su come l'11/9 avrebbe potuto essere evitato e sulle pressioni politiche, dettate dalla volontà di non creare tensioni tra gli USA e l'Arabia Saudita, che hanno bloccato lo scambio di informazioni tra CIA ed FBI in alcune fasi fondamentali delle indagini su due cittadini sauditi che erano entrati negli USA e che sarebbero poi diventati due dei diciannove dirottatori.

Con il permesso dell'autore, pubblichiamo il testo originale in inglese e la nostra traduzione in italiano.

In Re: 9/11 (testo originale in inglese)


In Re: 9/11 (traduzione in italiano)


Ringraziamo Rossini per la sua cortesia e disponibilità.

2016/04/11

An interview with former FBI agent Mark Rossini

by Leonardo Salvaggio. An Italian translation is available here.

Today Undicisettembre offers its readers the story of former FBI agent Mark Rossini, whose report is particularly valuable in understanding what mistakes were made by US intelligence and how the 9/11 attacks could have been prevented.

Rossini has already appeared in several documentaries, such as The Spy Factor, Hubris: Selling The Iraq War and The Agent.

We wish to thank Mark Rossini for his kindness and his helpfulness.


Undicisettembre: Hi, Mark, and thanks for the time you’re giving us. Would you like to introduce yourself first?

Mark Rossini: As you already know my name is Mark Rossini, I became an FBI agent in 1991, and I started working on terrorism matters in May 1997; I started working on al-Qaeda matters after the embassies were bombed in Nairobi and Tanzania in August 1998. After that I went to Nairobi and spent almost three months there as an acting supervisor on the ground, and when I returned from Nairobi I was sent to the CIA's Alec Station, located within the CIA headquarters building in Langley, Virginia. Alec Station was a station dedicated solely to investigating Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda. I was sent there as the representative of the NY FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force known as the JTTF. This is important to note, that I was assigned from FBI NY not FBI headquarters. This was due to the fact that my squad on the NY JTTF was responsible for the investigation of bin Laden and Al-Qaeda. I had this position from from January 1999 until May 2003. In May 2003 I was one of the founding members of the National Counterterrorism Center, and I did that until September 2005.

I guess you want to talk about what happened on Alec Station and what led to 9/11, right?


Undicisettembre: Yes, let’s talk about that. Could 9/11 have been prevented?

Mark Rossini: The 9/11 attacks did not have to happen. The 9/11 attacks happened because of the willful and purposeful non-passage to the FBI of information by the CIA concerning hijackers that had what we call a "Terror Summit" in Malaysia in January 2000. The CIA purposely did not tell the FBI about that meeting nor did they more importantly tell the FBI that two of the people at the meeting, who turned out to be hijackers, had visas to visit the USA. The CIA and the NSA also knew about the travel plans they had to come to America and still did not tell the FBI. If the FBI had been given this information we would have stopped 9/11. A colleague of mine who was with me at the CIA, Special Agent Doug Miller, wrote a draft Central Intelligence Report, known also as a CIR, which is the only official way information is transferred between the agencies, to tell the FBI about the meeting in Malaysia and about these individuals that were there, and the CIA blocked it. To this day no one has ever been held accountable for blocking Doug’s memo from going or for telling me I couldn’t tell the FBI about what Doug tried to send. This is something even the 9/11 Commission neglected to investigate, and I applaud former New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean, who was 9/11 Commission Co-Chairman and who cited this as a failure to pursue and get an answer. There’s so much more about the subject that it would take probably hours to listen to and talk about. There are so many missteps here and willful omissions that it’s criminal. It’s a stain on our society, it’s a stain on our system of justice that three or four key individuals have not been called before a court of law, a Grand Jury or a regular Jury, and been asked “Why did you block his memo?”

Moreover, even if Doug didn’t write his memo, even if Doug and I were never assigned to the CIA, no one asked them “Why did you (Alec Station) on your own not send the information to the FBI?” The question is valid and needs to be asked because everyday information is sent back and forth between the two agencies via a CIR, and I guarantee you there was nothing that was sent between the two agencies before or after 9/11 that was more important than what Doug was trying to send over to the FBI.

And we have to come to understand why that happened. I have many theories, and my first theory that I have been trying to prove is that CIA was on a recruitment operation and they were trying to recruit some of the members of the cell, specifically Khalid al-Mihdhar or Nawaf al-Hazmi [pictured below]. Khalid al-Mihdhar’s father had a home in Sana’a, Yemen, which was the switchboard for al-Qaeda operations around the world and the CIA knew about that since 1998 or according to some rumors since 1996, since the CIA and specifically Alec Station was actively monitoring and investigating al-Qaeda operatives in Kenya. Regardless if it was 1996 or 1998, they purposely did not tell the FBI what was going on at that al-Qaeda switchboard and there is no intention to do so even up until today. It's as if it never existed. Watch the documentary The Spy Factory and the interview of 9/11 Commission member Eleanor Hill. She says bluntly that looking at the NSA was forbidden by the Commissioners. How is that for being a true and transparent society?


The recruitment operation was far more important to the CIA and they didn’t want the FBI, in the personification of my boss John O'Neill, to mess up their operation. Moreover, an arrest by the FBI of Saudi "boys" would have cause great embarrassment to the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and that’s a big “no, no” in any Presidential administration, either Bush or Bill Clinton or Obama or Trump or Hillary Clinton, I don't care who is the President. The absolute rule exists since oil came gushing up from a few inches below the sand: “You must not embarrass the Saudis”. It's because they control the oil and they own the balance of the power in the Middle East and that’s the bottom line: our economy and the world economy is tied to oil. The price of the barrel of oil is done in dollars, not in any other currency, and that is because we protect the king of Saudi Arabia and they also protect us by ensuring as the leader of OPEC that the price of a barrel of oil is pegged to the US dollar. As I said before, you must never embarrass them, this is what it is all about, because the FBI would have arrested the Saudi young men and caused large headlines and inquiries by the media and other governments perhaps, and the CIA was afraid they could not control the FBI. No administration would ever want that.

As a country, as a world, as humanity we have to get to the truth about why Doug’s memo didn’t go, we cannot just sit by idly and accept that. Until we do that, we really have no moral standing, nor can we hold our rules, laws and courts as legitimate. We should not and cannot face our citizens and say “We did everything to prevent this, and we are doing everything to protect you,” because we haven’t and we are not.


Undicisettembre: I would like you to elaborate on the reason why they did that. I can’t believe the CIA were so stupid to make such a big mistake on purpose.

Mark Rossini: It’s not because they were so stupid, but because they had this specific plan of action: to try to recruit somebody in the al-Qaeda cell and not have the FBI interfere. In particular my boss, mentor and friend John O'Neill, whom the people that managed Alec Station despised because they were jealous. Former terrorism "Czar" Richard Clarke, who served under both President Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, said in an interview, which you can easily find online, that on the day Cofer Black became the Director of the CIA’s Counterterrorism Center (CTC), the two chatted after the official meeting to welcome Cofer and Richard Clarke asked Cofer what was the first thing he wanted to address. Per Clarke, Cofer turned to him and said “The only thing that really pisses me off is that we have no sources in al-Qaeda.” If you fast forward from their conversation, to the meeting in Malaysia and the discovery of the travel plans of the terrorists to come to America it would be the perfect opportunity to try to recruit somebody.

We know from the historical record, and as is reported in newspapers, the 9/11 Commission points out the fact that CIA did try to recruit Shakir el-Iraqi, who was the gentleman at the Kuala Lumpur airport who was the "greeter, fixer and expediter" who got them through the airport and hotel rooms. We do know he was approached by Malaysia Special Branch and by CIA to be recruited and he rebuffed the recruitment. So it stands to reason and logic that Alec Station had set their sight on maybe someone in the cell. And two hijackers came to America, unbeknownst to the FBI, and went to stay at the home of an FBI informant and they also had an encounter with Omar al-Bayoumi who was a Saudi agent working in San Diego as a professor.

There’s enough circumstantial evidence to prove that the crime took place of a Willful Omission or Conscious Avoidance of telling the FBI about the meeting in Malaysia and that at least two of the people who attended this "terror summit" had visas to come to the USA. Those FBI cowboys could cause a political stir at the White House and State Department.


Undicisettembre: Generally speaking, how is the relationship between the two agencies? I’m asking this question because I have the impression that former FBI agent Ali Soufan in his book The Black Banners depicts the CIA as the bad guys.

Mark Rossini: Ali and I are very dear friends. I have a lot of respect for CIA and admire the agency greatly, they do tremendous and fantastic work as the FBI does, which you will never hear about. With the exception of 5 people at Alec Station I never worked with brighter and more dedicated people in my life. I wish I worked there. The problem is, and what FBI agents find so frustrating, that the CIA is not interested in a "court of law" or getting to the truth of proving something for court as the FBI is; the CIA is an intelligence gathering organization that is gathering intelligence and yes of course the "truth" in order to assist the President in carrying out his, maybe soon her, agenda and that of the Presidential Administration as a whole. And that’s where and why things get haywire, because there’s a disconnect between the two agencies’, FBI's and CIA's, missions and authorities. In spite of what you think, the CIA provides a vital function in protecting America, but to an FBI agent like me or Ali it’s difficult to understand their mentality. We get evidence, we put people in jail. We don’t have a long term view of the world like who is going to rule a country 60 years from now.

So I agree with Ali, and I understand why he has that feeling. And while Ali had dealings with them in the field they were hiding from him the picture of Khalid and CIA knew Khalid was linked to the meeting in Malaysia but refused to tell him.

Another reason why we must not embarrass the Saudis is that we need to have our air bases there to protect Israel and also maintain the balance of power in the Middle-East, which are two long term vital and strategic goals. As a human being I care and understand these goals and their importance. As an FBI agent, it's not my "portfolio" or mission.


Undicisettembre: What’s your take on the torture? Because as far as I know the CIA used a lot of torture while interrogating people while the FBI did not.

Mark Rossini: Torture is an action and a desire of little weak men. I’ll say it again: torture is an action and desire of little weak men. Torture is a fantasy that is fed down your throat by movies. Torture does not work because it does not get you to truth. It’s just for vengeance fantasies.

It is wrong and it is immoral. A lot of very tough guys sitting on the couch would tell me “What do you mean it’s immoral? These people are immoral, they don’t deserve my morals.” Well. If you want to get down to their level and act like a savage, go right ahead; but I’m not and nor other members of the FBI. We interview people and get in their head and talk to them. Did you ever think perhaps for one second that torturing one of these terrorists is something that they want? It proves their manhood and in their brain they are showing Allah they are withstanding this brutal force to get a greater award in heaven.

“Tough guys” (I say that sarcastically) in a diner drinking coffee don’t think about this. They don't care since they believe they are superior, and they want vengeance on somebody who’s chained up and cannot fight back.

It’s wrong and it’s immoral and it’s repugnant that we even did it. The fact that there are people in my country who think it’s okay to do it and that these people deserve that because they are “evil non-Christian Muslims” makes me not even want to talk to them I cannot even go near them.

It’s just fantasy of small and little men.


Undicisettembre: I agree with you and I remember reading in the book The Longest War by Peter Bergen that you are not getting real information by torturing people because they just tell you the first thing that comes to their mind just to make the torture stop.

Mark Rossini: They will tell you anything you want to hear just to make the torture stop. Look at Ibn Al-Shaikh al-Libi, the guy that was tortured in Egypt. The CIA thought he was not giving them enough information and that he was lying. That the FBI Agent and NYPD detective who were interviewing him were being lied to by him and they were not aggressive enough. So what does the CIA do? They “take over”. He was duct taped onto a wooden board and sent him to Egypt. While he’s laid out tied down with duct tape to the board one tough guy from Alec Station who is a real idiot whispered in his ear “I’m going to go fuck your mother.” Does that make you feel tough and big, you little runt?

So they took him to Egypt and tortured him. He said “Oh yes, Saddam is connected to al-Qaeda” just to make the torture stop. And that was used to justify the war in Iraq.


Undicisettembre: In Italy there’s a very widespread myth according to which the Saudis where somehow behind 9/11, either by supporting the terrorists or by letting them do it without interfering. What are your thoughts about this?

Mark Rossini: No, people are losing track. When something is so brutal as 9/11 was, people have a hard time understanding the simplicity of it. A lot of people feel the need to have a larger explanation like that the Saudis had a role in it. No, no, no. No Saudi wanted that to happen, that’s impossible. There were prominent Saudis, royal and non-royal, that were giving money to al-Qaeda affiliated associations and NGOs. But did those people know that money was being used for terrorism or specifically for 9/11? No. But none of them can look me straight in the face to tell me their money was going for something fair either. That’s the real issue. Remember that after 9/11 there were many Saudis in America that the FBI wanted to interview but in the days right after the attacks, when no plane was flying, only one plane was allowed to come and pick them up and take them out of the country before we could talk to them. Because the Saudis are protected.

This kind of action brings people to believe that the Saudi government wanted it to happen, but no one wanted that to happen because no one of these people who gave money knew that this attack was going to happen, not even the hijackers knew about each other and what their role was.

We theorize that not even the “muscle hijackers” who kept the passengers from reacting knew it was a suicide mission, only the pilots knew it was a suicide mission.


Undicisettembre: In your opinion, were there links between Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden?

Mark Rossini: Not in my opinion but in fact there was not one shred, not one contact: nothing. I want this to be perfectly, perfectly clear. I’m sure there will be some couch potato or keyboard genius saying I’m wrong. Oh, you still want to believe you are right? I’m sorry, you are wrong. There was no connection between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda and bin Laden. Zero. Saddam had nothing to do with the 9/11 attacks. It was a fantasy that was spun by Dick Cheney and the White House in order to push gullible people who were still afraid because of what happened on 9/11 to swallow a ton of bullshit and support the invasion of Iraq.


Saddam was an evil man. Saddam had killed people and there’s no question about it, but he did not attack America and he did not have anything to do with 9/11 and he was a Sunni that controlled the Shia country. We went in there and removed a powerful Sunni leader and now we have the mess of a Shia-led country of Iraq aligned and friends with another massive Shia country which is Iran, which has always been seen as the enemy. What genius was asleep at this switch and didn’t think beforehand of what we were doing?

If anyone in Washington DC had half a brain they would have realized that, but they were bent on revenge, getting Saddam’s oil and controlling the whole Middle East. Now we created this “megacountry” and alliance between Iraq and Iran controlled by Shia governments and we have Sunnis who live in Iraq who are oppressed and have come to join ISIS.

I don’t care what bullshit a certain network in America wants to spin about how thoughts like mine are wrong and unpatriotic: we have messed it up. And Sunnis in Iraq who have been disenfranchised are now members of ISIS. We created it, we are responsible for it. We created a power vacuum, and had not the brains to realize what we created when we invaded Iraq. The orchestrators of the Iraq illegal invasion are naive, ignorant and small minded people. When the blind lead the blind and slick politicians lead the gullible, this is what happens.

And they tried to shove it down our throats by saying “You’ll see in fifty years that my plan was the smart one.” No it’s not, because people have died right now, and it’s not the sons of the Neocons going to war but the poor slob they put the lie to whose son is going to war.


Undicisettembre: There’s one point I don’t understand. You said that the war in Iraq was done also to get Iraq’s oil. But as far as I know, war costs much more than the oil you can get from the Iraqi wells. So it makes no sense to me.

Mark Rossini: You are right, it makes no sense and the whole thing was a farce, a waste of time and a fraud. It did not have to happen and we will be paying for this for the next one hundred years in blood and economy. It was a wrong move. It was a delusional thought that the Iraqi people would see us as liberators and willfully give us their oil wells so that we could control the world market of oil.

The Neocons also thought they could build Middle East from scratch and control it. It was lead by emotion, not by brain; when you lead by emotion is when you make mistakes.


Undicisettembre: What do you think about the hunt for Osama bin Laden? Could he have been killed before 2011?

Mark Rossini: Perhaps he could have been killed before 2011, but I’m not so sure. I think it was done the correct way and I have no issue on how the Navy SEALs did it, I think it was heroic and that Obama made the right decision. He made the right decision militarily and politically by not informing the Pakistanis we were doing it because there’s no question in my mind that middle or high management of the Pakistani Intelligence Service known as ISI knew that he was there, but they chose to turn a blind eye.


Something we will never understand is the power of Islamic religion and what it means to certain people and how they twist its meaning and they lose sight of what is right and what is wrong. You would have to be blind not to see that someone in the Pakistani military knew that he was in that compound and it shows they did not say anything to us.

He was found not thanks to torture but thanks to interviews and investigation that the CIA did admirably. Admirably! Unequivocally they deserve every accolade in the book for this: for finding him and bringing him to an end.


Undicisettembre: In your opinion was Pakistan shielding him?

Mark Rossini: I think there were certain people in Pakistan who were shielding him, I wouldn’t say the Prime Minister or anyone like that. But I would say certain people at mid-level or lower senior level knew where he was but chose to keep that information suppressed.


Undicisettembre: What do you think about conspiracy theories that claim that 9/11 was an inside job?

Mark Rossini: I have to leave the room if someone says that. I cannot even discuss it for five seconds. There are all these bullshit theories about controlled demolition and how the steel couldn’t break and World Trade Center 7.

These people really need to get a life and go back under the rock they came from.

They are just creating confusion and pain. It’s just wrong, trust me.


Undicisettembre: What’s the level of security today in the USA?

Mark Rossini: The level of security is very, very high. But I have an issue with that, I am a little disturbed by that fact that we have not been able to create a single agency that’s responsible for protection. We have not delineated and designed each agency’s role nor have we defined who’s in charge of operations.

In the US we have FBI, Homeland Security, the Military, CIA, NSA, all contributing and at the same time doing their own thing and agenda; we have a lot of kitchens and a lot of chefs. We haven’t yet created one agency that does it all and coordinates every operation. We should create a new agency comprised of the respective agencies’ competencies that deals with terrorism on a national and international level. There is so much more to explain on this, and it could and should become a reality, but I don’t think it will ever happen, since the change would almost be like an earthquake for all the “stakeholders” in Washington, D.C. who cannot agree basically on anything.