This is a Who's who of al‑Qaeda members and affiliates who took part in planning the attacks. The list is partial and constantly updated; it includes only names listed in the sources at the bottom of the page.
Osama bin Laden: (Riyadh, March 10, 1957 – Abbottabad, May 2, 2011) Saudi‑born, he remained a citizen of Saudi Arabia until 1994 when the Riyadh government revoked his citizenship. Founder of al‑Qaeda, he remained its leader until his death. He is the most well‑known figure among those involved in planning the attacks. His hatred of the United States began in the early 1990s after Iraq invaded Kuwait, when Saudi Arabia allowed U.S. troops (considered “infidels”) onto its soil as part of Operation Desert Shield.
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| Osama bin Laden |
Khalid Shaikh Mohammed: (Balochistan, April 14, 1964) Known as KSM, he is the true mastermind of 9/11, having proposed the idea to bin Laden. He was captured in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, on March 1, 2003. His interview with Egyptian journalist Yosri Fouda for the book Masterminds of Terror remains one of the most important sources of information on the planning of 9/11.
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| Khalid Shaikh Mohammed |
Walid bin Attash: (Azan, Yemen, 1978) Also known as Khallad, he applied for a U.S. visa in Yemen but was denied. He had worn a prosthetic leg since 1997 after losing his leg in a battle in Afghanistan against the Northern Alliance, so he could not have taken part in the hijackings. His role in planning was to train two of the hijackers in combat. He was captured in Karachi in April 2003.
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| Walid bin Attash |
Ramzi bin al‑Shibh: (Hadramawt, Yemen, 1972) Coordinator of the Hamburg cell; he searched for flight schools in the U.S. from Germany, and later sent money to Mohammed Atta once Atta was already in the U.S. He applied for a U.S. visa four times but was denied (May 17, June 15, August 14, and September 15, 2000). According to the 9/11 Commission Report, the denials were due to suspicion of Yemeni applicants, especially from a third country (Germany). The monograph 9/11 and Terrorist Travel adds that bin al‑Shibh lacked income, employment, and traveled frequently in the Middle East. He was captured in Karachi in September 2002.
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| Ramzi bin al‑Shibh |
Abd al Aziz Ali: (Al‑Ahmadi, Kuwait, August 29, 1977) Also known as Ammar al‑Baluchi, nephew of KSM (his mother's brother) and cousin of 1993 bomber Ramzi Yousef. His role was transferring money to hijackers in the U.S. via wire transfers from the UAE, where he worked for an IT company. He was captured in Karachi in April 2003 along with Khallad.
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| Ammar al‑Baluchi |
Mustafa al‑Hawsawi: (Jeddah, August 5, 1968) His role was assisting the hijackers with travel arrangements and sending money. He was captured in Karachi in 2003.
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| Mustafa al‑Hawsawi |
Mohammed Atef: (Egypt, 1944) He was al‑Qaeda’s military chief and was responsible for assembling the hijacker team and determining targets alongside bin Laden and KSM. He was killed in Afghanistan during an American airstrike in November 2001.
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| Mohammed Atef |
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